erratic mass

 

отторженцы
1. Глыбы горных пород, размером от нескольких до сотен метров, часто сохраняющих слоистость, переносимые ледником на расстояние до нескольких сот км.
2. То же, что остатки тектонического покрова или клиппы.
[ Словарь геологических терминов и понятий. Томский Государственный Университет]

Тематики

• геология, геофизика

Обобщающие термины

• геологическая деятельность ледников
• экзогенные геодинамические процессы

EN

• erratic mass

* * *

• массив

• тело

1. поток, струя, течение, истечение; движение жидкости [газа]

2. фильтрация; расход жидкости; прокачка

3. текучесть

4. технологический процесс

5. циркуляция в замкнутой системе

— absolute open flow

— artesian water flow

— backward flow

— calculated open flow

— capillary flow

— channel flow

— compressible flow

— constant flow

— continuous flow

— countercurrent flow

— cross flow

— daily flow

— erratic flow

— estimated flow

— experimental flow

— flow by gravity

— flow by heads

— flow in

— flow of fluid

— flow of gas

— flow of ground

— flow of water

— flow off

— flow out

— flow over

— flow through

— fluctuating flow

— fluid flow

— forward flow

— fractional flow

— free flow

— gas flow

— gravity flow

— heat flow

— heavy flow

— initial flow

— intermittent flow

— jet flow

— laminar flow

— linear flow

— mass flow

— multiphase flow

— natural flow

— non-steady flow

— non-viscous flow

— open flow

— parallel flow

— plastic flow

— plug flow

— plug-type flow

— polyphase flow

— radial flow

— ready flow

— retarded flow

— slug flow

— sluggish flow

— spherical flow

— three-dimensional flow

— total flow

— transient flow

— turbulent flow

— uncontrolled flow

— undisturbed flow

— unrestricted flow

— unstable flow

— unsteady flow

— upward flow

— well flow

— wide-open flow

1. поток

2. фонтанирование || фонтанировать

3. добыча

— flow of damages

— flow of defects

— trouble shooting flow

1.

2.

1) поток

2) фонтанирование || фонтанировать; выдавать нефть ()

3) добыча

•

- flow of damages

* * *

• выдавать нефть

• давать нефть

• движение

• движение жидкости

• добыча

• затопление

• наводнение

• получать фонтанирующий приток

• прокачка

• проявление

• расплывание

• расход жидкости

• технологический процесс

• фильтрация

• фонтан

• фонтанирование

tr['draɪvɪŋ]

noun

1 SMALLAUTOMOBILES/SMALL conducción nombre femenino

■ what do you think of Mum's driving? ¿te gusta como conduce mamá?, ¿qué te parece la manera de conducir de mamá?

■ we shared the driving nos turnamos para conducir

■ he was found guilty of dangerous driving lo declararon culpable de conducción temeraria

adjective

1 (dynamic - personality) dinámico,-a; (force) motriz

■ she was the driving force behind the company ella era la impulsora de la empresa

2 (rain) torrencial; (snow, wind) que azota

\

driving licence carnet nombre masculino de conducir, permiso de conducir

driving range (in golf) campo de prácticas

driving school autoescuela

driving test examen nombre masculino de conducir

• impulso, -a adj.

• torrencial adj.

• manejo s.m.

a) < rain> torrencial; < wind> azotador

b) ( dynamic)

ADJ [force] impulsor; [rain] torrencial; [wind] azotador

- be in the driving seat

* * *

a) < rain> torrencial; < wind> azotador

b) ( dynamic)

1) ((of animals) not tamed: wolves and other wild animals.) salvaje, bravío

2) ((of land) not cultivated.) agreste, salvaje

3) (uncivilized or lawless; savage: wild tribes.) salvaje

4) (very stormy; violent: a wild night at sea; a wild rage.) furioso, borrascoso

5) (mad, crazy, insane etc: wild with hunger; wild with anxiety.) loco, alocado

6) (rash: a wild hope.) disparatado, descabellado, desorbitado, alocado

7) (not accurate or reliable: a wild guess.) precipitado, impetuoso

8) (very angry.) furioso, colérico, frenético

•

- wildly

wild adj

1. salvaje

2. silvestre

3. loco / desmadrado

4. agreste

tr[waɪld]

adjective

1 (animal) salvaje, bravío,-a

■ wild beast fiera

■ wild bull toro bravo

2 (plant, flower) silvestre; (vegetation) salvaje

3 (country, landscape) agreste, bravo,-a, salvaje

4 (weather - wind) furioso,-a, borrascoso,-a; (- sea) bravo,-a; (- night) tempestuoso,-a, de tormenta

5 (tribe) salvaje

6 (violent, angry - person) furioso,-a, colérico,-a, frenético,-a; (- behaviour) incontrolado,-a, desenfrenado,-a; (- blow, attack) violento,-a, salvaje, brutal

■ he's wild with anger está loco de furia

7 (very excited - person) loco,-a ( with, de), alocado,-a; (very exciting - party etc) escandaloso,-a, desmadrado,-a

■ the crowd went wild el público enloqueció

■ wild applause aplausos fervorosos

8 (showing lack of thought - thoughts, talk) disparatado,-a; (- guess) al azar; (- idea, scheme) descabellado,-a, desorbitado,-a, loco,-a, alocado,-a; (- decision) precipitado,-a, impetuoso,-a; (- exaggeration, speculation) enorme

9 familiar (fantastic, crazy) bárbaro,-a, salvaje

noun the wild

1 estado salvaje, estado natural, naturaleza

■ few gorillas remain in the wild quedan pocos gorilas en su hábitat natural

■ this species couldn't survive in the wild esta especie no podría sobrevivir en estado salvaje

plural noun the wilds

1 las regiones nombre femenino plural salvajes

\

beyond one's wildest dreams más de lo que jamás había soñado

to be wild about something estar loco,-a por algo

■ he's wild about football está loco por el fútbol

■ I'm not wild about the colour el color no me entusiasma demasiado

to grow wild ser silvestre

to run wild (animal) vivir en su estado natural 2 (plant, garden) volver a su estado natural 3 (person, child) desmandarse; (hooligan etc) portarse como un salvaje

wild boar jabalí nombre masculino

wild card comodín nombre masculino

the Wild West el Lejano Oeste nombre masculino

wild ['waɪld] adv

1) wildly

to run wild : descontrolarse

wild adj

1) : salvaje, silvestre, cimarrón

wild horses: caballos salvajes

wild rice: arroz silvestre

2) desolate: yermo, agreste

3) unruly: desenfrenado

4) crazy: loco, fantástico

wild ideas: ideas locas

5) barbarous: salvaje, bárbaro

6) erratic: errático

a wild throw: un tiro errático

wild n wilderness

• alocado, -a adj.

• bravo, -a adj.

• desatinado, -a adj.

• descabellado, -a adj.

• descabezado, -a adj.

• desenfrenado, -a adj.

• endemoniado, -a adj.

• enrevesado, -a adj.

• ferino, -a adj.

• feroz adj.

• fiero, -a adj.

• frénetico, -a adj.

• indómito, -a adj.

• loco, -a adj.

• montaraz adj.

• montés, -esa adj.

• salvaje adj.

• salvajino, -a adj.

• selvático, -a adj.

• silvestre adj.

• violentamente adv.

• desierto s.m.

• monte s.m.

• yermo s.m.

adjective -er, -est

1)

a) < animal> salvaje; ( in woodland) salvaje, montaraz; <plant/flower> silvestre; < vegetation> agreste

b) ( uncivilized) < tribe> salvaje

c) ( desolate) < country> agreste, salvaje

2)

a) ( unruly) <party/lifestyle> desenfrenado, alocado

b) (random, uncontrolled) < attempt> desesperado

c) <allegation/exaggeration> absurdo, disparatado

3)

a) ( violent) (liter) <sea/waters> embravecido, proceloso (liter); < wind> fuertísimo, furioso (liter)

b) ( frantic) <excitement/dancing> desenfrenado; < shouting> desaforado; <appearance/stare> de loco

c) ( enthusiastic) (colloq) (pred)

d) ( angry) (colloq) (pred)

1. ADJ

1) (=not domesticated)

a) [animal, bird] salvaje; (=fierce) feroz

- wild horses wouldn't drag me there

b) [plant] silvestre

- sow one's wild oats

c) [countryside] salvaje, agreste

2) (=stormy) [wind] furioso, violento; [weather] tormentoso; [sea] bravo

3) (=unrestrained, disorderly) [party] loco; [enthusiasm] desenfrenado; [hair] revuelto; [appearance] desastrado; [look, eyes] de loco

4) * (emotionally)

a) (=angry)

b) (=distraught)

c) (=ecstatic) [cheers, applause] exaltado, apasionado

5) (=crazy, rash) [idea, plan, rumour] descabellado, disparatado

6) (=haphazard)

7) (Cards)

2. ADV

1)

2)

a) (=roam freely) [animal] correr libremente; [child] corretear libremente

b) (=get out of control)

3. N

1)

2)

* * *

adjective -er, -est

1)

a) < animal> salvaje; ( in woodland) salvaje, montaraz; <plant/flower> silvestre; < vegetation> agreste

b) ( uncivilized) < tribe> salvaje

c) ( desolate) < country> agreste, salvaje

2)

a) ( unruly) <party/lifestyle> desenfrenado, alocado

b) (random, uncontrolled) < attempt> desesperado

c) <allegation/exaggeration> absurdo, disparatado

3)

a) ( violent) (liter) <sea/waters> embravecido, proceloso (liter); < wind> fuertísimo, furioso (liter)

b) ( frantic) <excitement/dancing> desenfrenado; < shouting> desaforado; <appearance/stare> de loco

c) ( enthusiastic) (colloq) (pred)

d) ( angry) (colloq) (pred)

— abort the flight

— abortive flight

— accelerated flight

— acrobatic flight

— active flight

— actual flight

— administrative flight

— advertizing flight

— aerial flight

— aerobatic flight

— aerodynamic flight

— altitude flight

— approach flight

— around-the-world flight

— ascending flight

— ascent flight

— astronautic flight

— asymmetric flight

— atmospheric flight

— autorotational flight

— bad-weather flight

— ballistic flight

— bird's nesting flight

— blind flight

— boost glide flight

— boost phase flight

— boosted flight

— box-pattern flight

— bumpy flight

— calibration flight

— captive flight

— cargo flight

— chamber flight

— chapter flight

— chased flight

— check flight

— circular flight

— circular velocity flight

— circumlunar flight

— clean flight

— climbing flight

— coasting flight

— combat flight

— combat-ready flight

— compatibility flight

— constant-altitude flight

— constant-level flight

— contact flight

— continue the flight

— controllable flight

— controlled flight

— controls-fixed flight

— controls-free flight

— conventional flight

— coordinated flight

— coupled flight

— crew check flight

— cross-country flight

— crosswind flight

— cruising flight

— curvilinear flight

— dare flight

— dash flight

— data flight

— day light flight

— decelerating flight

— deep-space flight

— demonstration flight

— depart the flight

— descending flight

— developmental flight

— direct space flight

— discover inflight

— distance flight

— disturbed atmosphere flight

— divert flights

— diving flight

— docked spacecraft flight

— drag-free flight

— drifting flight

— drop flight

— duty battle flight

— earth orbital flight

— earth-escape velocity flight

— earth-orbital velocity flight

— economy-class flight

— endurance flight

— engine development flight

— engineering development flight

— engine-inoperative flight

— engine-off flight

— engine-on flight

— erratic flight

— escape-velocity flight

— exoatmospheric flight

— exploratory flight

— extended flight

— extended inverted flight

— extra-atmospheric flight

— extra-solar-system flight

— extreme-high-altitude flight

— extreme-low-altitude flight

— fam flight

— familiarization flight

— fast flight

— first-class flight

— first-stage flight

— flapping flight

— flat flight

— flight on instruments

— fog-seeding flight

— formation flight

— forward flight

— four-ship flight

— free flight

— free-lance flight

— free-rolling flight

— freighting flight

— full transition flight

— functional check flight

— glide flight

— global flight

— great-circle flight

— guided flight

— hands-off flight

— hazardous flights

— head-down flight

— head-up flight

— hedge-hopping flight

— high Mach flight

— high-altitude flight

— high-angle-of-attack flight

— high-level flight

— high-performance flight

— high-speed flight

— high-subsonic flight

— high-temperature flight

— horizontal flight

— hovering flight

— hypersonic flight

— hypervelocity flight

— IFR flight

— IMC flight

— indoctrination flight

— initial flight

— inspection flight

— instructional flight

— instrument calibration flight

— instrument flight

— intercontinental flight

— intergalactic flight

— interplanetary flight

— interstellar flight

— introduction flight

— introductory flight

— invasion flight

— inverted flight

— jet-borne flight

— jet-control flight

— joint manned flight

— knife edge flight

— knife flight

— level flight

— lighter-than-air flight

— local flight

— long-distance flight

— long-haul flight

— long-range flight

— loose formation flight

— low-altitude flight

— low-level flight

— low-Q flight

— low-speed-handling flight

— lunar orbit flight

— maiden flight

— maintenance test flight

— man-controlled flight

— maneuvering flight

— man-in-space flight

— manned flight

— mass flight

— maximum-power flight

— medium-altitude flight

— medium-level flight

— midcourse flight

— military evaluation flight

— military flights

— moon-landing flight

— motorless flight

— multiorbit flight

— nap-of-the-earth flight

— navigational training flight

— near-hovering flight

— night flight

— night scramble flight

— nolo flight

— noncritical flight

— nondata flight

— nonlevel flight

— nonpowered flight

— nonstabilized flight

— normal flight

— observational flight

— off-airway flight

— once-a-week flight

— one «g» flight

— one-burn flight

— one-power-unit-inoperative flight

— on-the-deck flight

— operational flight

— orbital flight

— orbital rendezvous flight

— orbital training flight

— orbital velocity flight

— out-and-return flight

— out-of-atmosphere flight

— overland flights

— oversea flight

— over-the-top flight

— partially jetborne flight

— passenger flight

— passive flight

— peak-traffic flights

— pending flight

— photographic flight

— photographic reconnaissance flight

— piloted flight

— pilotless flight

— pitch flight

— plan the flight

— point-to-point flight

— positive-g flight

— powered flight

— powerless flight

— power-off flight

— power-on flight

— practice flight

— practicing flight

— premanned flight

— presolo flight

— pressure suit flight

— pressurized cabin flight

— production test flight

— proficiency check flight

— proficiency flight

— programed flight

— prolonged flight

— propaganda flight

— propelled flight

— prototype first flight

— proving flight

— pullover flight

— q flight

— qualification flight

— quasisatellite flight

— radar evaluation flight

— radio-controlled flight

— reaction-control data flight

— reckless flight

— record-setting flight

— recovery flight

— rectilinear flight

— reentry flight

— refueling flight

— release for flight

— remote-controlled flight

— rendezvous flight

— return flight

— rhumb-line flight

— rocket flight

— rocket-beit flight

— rocket-boosted flight

— rocket-powered flight

— rolling flight

— rotary-wing flight

— rough-air flight

— round-robin flight

— round-the-world flight

— round-trip flight

— route flight

— route proving flight

— routine flight

— satellite flight

— scheduled flights

— scouting flight

— second-class flight

— second-stage flight

— separate flight

— shakedown flight

— short flight

— sideward flight

— sideways flight

— sightseeing flight

— single engine flight

— single-heading flight

— single-orbit flight

— six-plane flight

— slow flight

— smooth flight

— solo flight

— sonic flight

— space flight

— spacecraft group flight

— space-equivalent flight

— special VFR flight

— special-mission flight

— speed-record flight

— sporting flight

— stabilized flight

— steady flight

— steady-yaw flight

— stick-fixed flight

— STOL flight

— straight flight

— suborbital flight

— subsonic flight

— successful data flight

— supersonic flight

— supine-position flight

— sustain level flight

— symmetrkal flight

— tail wind flight

— terminal flight

— terminate the flight

— terrain-following flight

— terrestrial flight

— test flight

— third-stage flight

— three-burn flight

— through flight

— thrust supported flight

— tight formation flight

— total instrument flight

— towed flight

— towing flight

— training flight

— transatlantic flight

— transcontinental flight

— transient flight

— transition flight

— translation flight

— transonic flight

— transpacific flight

— transpolar flight

— transport flight

— tree-top flight

— triangular flight

— trimmed-out flight

— trouble-free flight

— tumbling flight

— turbine flight

— turnaround flight

— turning flight

— twice-weekly flights

— twin flight

— two-burn flight

— two-ship flight

— unaccelerated flight

— unassisted flight

— uncontrolled flight

— under-the-clouds flight

— unescorted flight

— unmanned reconnaissance flight

— unpowered flight

— unscheduled flight

— unstalled flight

— unsymmetrical flight

— upper-air flight

— upper-atmosphere exploratory flight

— upside-down flight

— upsun flight

— upward flight

— vectored flight

— VFR flight

— visual flight

— VMC flight

— VTOL flight

— warm-up flight

— weather flight

— weather observation flight

— weightless flight

— wing supported flight

— wing-down flight

— wingfolded flight

— wingless flight

— wings-level flight

— world flight

— yawed flight

— zero-gravity flight

— zoom flight

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines

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Orphaned as a child, Hamilton went to work for Southern Pacific Railroad in his teens, and then worked for several other companies. In his spare time he learned mathematics and physics from a retired professor. In 1911 he joined the White Motor Company, makers of road motor vehicles in Denver, Colorado, where he had gone to recuperate from malaria. He remained there until 1922, apart from an eighteenth-month break for war service.

Upon his return from war service, Hamilton found White selling petrol-engined railbuses with mechanical transmission, based on road vehicles, to railways. He noted that they were not robust enough and that the success of petrol railcars with electric transmission, built by General Electric since 1906, was limited as they were complex to drive and maintain. In 1922 Hamilton formed, and became President of, the Electro- Motive Engineering Corporation (later Electro-Motive Corporation) to design and produce petrol-electric rail cars. Needing an engine larger than those used in road vehicles, yet lighter and faster than marine engines, he approached the Win ton Engine Company to develop a suitable engine; in addition, General Electric provided electric transmission with a simplified control system. Using these components, Hamilton arranged for his petrol-electric railcars to be built by the St Louis Car Company, with the first being completed in 1924. It was the beginning of a highly successful series. Fuel costs were lower than for steam trains and initial costs were kept down by using standardized vehicles instead of designing for individual railways. Maintenance costs were minimized because Electro-Motive kept stocks of spare parts and supplied replacement units when necessary. As more powerful, 800 hp (600 kW) railcars were produced, railways tended to use them to haul trailer vehicles, although that practice reduced the fuel saving. By the end of the decade Electro-Motive needed engines more powerful still and therefore had to use cheap fuel. Diesel engines of the period, such as those that Winton had made for some years, were too heavy in relation to their power, and too slow and sluggish for rail use. Their fuel-injection system was erratic and insufficiently robust and Hamilton concluded that a separate injector was needed for each cylinder.

In 1930 Electro-Motive Corporation and Winton were acquired by General Motors in pursuance of their aim to develop a diesel engine suitable for rail traction, with the use of unit fuel injectors; Hamilton retained his position as President. At this time, industrial depression had combined with road and air competition to undermine railway-passenger business, and Ralph Budd, President of the Chicago, Burlington \& Quincy Railroad, thought that traffic could be recovered by way of high-speed, luxury motor trains; hence the Pioneer Zephyr was built for the Burlington. This comprised a 600 hp (450 kW), lightweight, two-stroke, diesel engine developed by General Motors (model 201 A), with electric transmission, that powered a streamlined train of three articulated coaches. This train demonstrated its powers on 26 May 1934 by running non-stop from Denver to Chicago, a distance of 1,015 miles (1,635 km), in 13 hours and 6 minutes, when the fastest steam schedule was 26 hours. Hamilton and Budd were among those on board the train, and it ushered in an era of high-speed diesel trains in the USA. By then Hamilton, with General Motors backing, was planning to use the lightweight engine to power diesel-electric locomotives. Their layout was derived not from steam locomotives, but from the standard American boxcar. The power plant was mounted within the body and powered the bogies, and driver's cabs were at each end. Two 900 hp (670 kW) engines were mounted in a single car to become an 1,800 hp (l,340 kW) locomotive, which could be operated in multiple by a single driver to form a 3,600 hp (2,680 kW) locomotive. To keep costs down, standard locomotives could be mass-produced rather than needing individual designs for each railway, as with steam locomotives. Two units of this type were completed in 1935 and sent on trial throughout much of the USA. They were able to match steam locomotive performance, with considerable economies: fuel costs alone were halved and there was much less wear on the track. In the same year, Electro-Motive began manufacturing diesel-electrie locomotives at La Grange, Illinois, with design modifications: the driver was placed high up above a projecting nose, which improved visibility and provided protection in the event of collision on unguarded level crossings; six-wheeled bogies were introduced, to reduce axle loading and improve stability. The first production passenger locomotives emerged from La Grange in 1937, and by early 1939 seventy units were in service. Meanwhile, improved engines had been developed and were being made at La Grange, and late in 1939 a prototype, four-unit, 5,400 hp (4,000 kW) diesel-electric locomotive for freight trains was produced and sent out on test from coast to coast; production versions appeared late in 1940. After an interval from 1941 to 1943, when Electro-Motive produced diesel engines for military and naval use, locomotive production resumed in quantity in 1944, and within a few years diesel power replaced steam on most railways in the USA.

Hal Hamilton remained President of Electro-Motive Corporation until 1942, when it became a division of General Motors, of which he became Vice-President.

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